Chapter 1: Distinguishing Artificial from Natural Intelligence#
Artificial and natural intelligence coexist side‑by‑side in a world where digital systems can now solve previously intractable problems. Yet the two still diverge on many subtle and profound dimensions. This chapter presents a systematic framework for comparing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Intelligence (NI), covering perceptual grounding, learning dynamics, embodiment, metacognitive capacities, and ethical ramifications.
1. Introduction#
Since the early works of Turing and McCarthy, scholars have asked whether a machine can be considered intelligent in the same sense that a human brain can. Differentiating artificial from natural intelligence is not merely a semantic exercise; it influences how we design algorithms, evaluate performance, and manage societal impact.